Safeguarding Vulnerability in Acquired Brain Injury Services Beyond Obvious Risk

Safeguarding in acquired brain injury services often extends beyond visible or immediate risk. Cognitive impairment, reduced insight, impulsivity and social vulnerability can expose people with ABI to harm even when they appear physically independent. Commissioners and inspectors increasingly expect providers to demonstrate how safeguarding systems recognise and respond to subtle, fluctuating vulnerability rather than relying solely on incident-based thresholds.

This article explores safeguarding vulnerability in ABI services. It should be read alongside Safeguarding, Capacity, Risk & Vulnerability and Quality, Safety & Governance.

Why vulnerability is complex in ABI

ABI can affect judgement, emotional regulation and social awareness, increasing exposure to exploitation and harm.

Commissioner and inspector expectations

Expectation 1: Proactive safeguarding. Commissioners expect providers to identify vulnerability before harm occurs.

Expectation 2: Individualised risk understanding. Inspectors expect safeguarding risk to be person-specific and dynamic.

Operational example 1: Identifying hidden vulnerability

Staff recognised increased financial vulnerability despite high daily living independence.

Safeguarding without over-restriction

Safeguarding must protect without unnecessarily limiting autonomy.

Operational example 2: Risk-aware community support

Providers introduced targeted safeguards while maintaining community access.

Reviewing vulnerability over time

Vulnerability may increase or reduce depending on circumstances.

Operational example 3: Dynamic safeguarding reviews

Safeguarding risk was reviewed following changes in routine or support.

Evidencing safeguarding practice

Providers should evidence:

  • Individualised vulnerability assessments
  • Proactive safeguarding actions
  • Regular safeguarding review processes

Why this matters in ABI services

Recognising subtle vulnerability is central to effective, rights-based safeguarding.


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Written by Impact Guru, editorial oversight by Mike Harrison, Founder of Impact Guru Ltd β€” bringing extensive experience in health and social care tenders, commissioning and strategy.

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